![]() ![]() The Jasper Park Information Centre, originally constructed in 1914 as an administration building and as the park superintendent's residence Despite the prohibition on hunting, the park and its tourist facilities became a base of operations for wealthy Canadian and American sport hunters for hunting trips further into the Rockies, beyond the prohibitions in place in the mountain parks and the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve. In particular, the Parks Branch expressly forbid hunting in Jasper and the other mountain parks, deprecating First Nations' centuries-long history of subsistence hunting in the region as indiscriminate slaughter of the local game wildlife. Under Harkin, Canada's national parks were to fulfill a dual mandate of wilderness protection and economic development-primarily as tourist destinations. ![]() In 1911, Jasper Forest Park came under the administration of the newly established Dominion Parks Branch of the Department of the Interior, under the purview of James Bernard Harkin, at which time the name was changed to simply Jasper Park. In 1909, six Métis families were declared squatters, paid compensation for any "improvements" made to the land, including buildings, ditches, and fences, and ordered to leave the park. Unfortunately, the vision of wilderness on which the development plan depended was at odds with the presence of long-established Métis homesteaders within the boundaries of the park, many of whom were descended from the white and Haudenosaunee fur traders and trappers employed by the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company in the 19th century. Collectively, the mountain parks were intended as a sort of wilderness playground for middle-class workers, an antidote to the malaise of modern life. ![]() The park's establishment was spurred by plans for the construction of a second transcontinental Canadian railway, which was to cross the Rocky Mountains at Yellowhead Pass Jasper Park was intended to be developed into an alpine resort in the mold of Rocky Mountains Park, with a train station, tourist hotels, and a service town. ![]() Jasper Forest Park was established by a federal Order in Council on September 14, 1907. Jasper House was destroyed in 1910, but it gave its name to both the National Park, and the town of Jasper within the Park. The site of Jasper House itself was designated a National Historic Site in 1924. In 1830, the trading post was relocated further up the Athabasca River, just north of Jasper Lake. In 1815, Haws took command of a North West Company trading post, built on Brûlé Lake in 1813, which subsequently became known as Jasper's House. Jasper National Park's name originates from Jasper Haws, a Maryland-born fur trader who worked for the North West Company. When Mary Schäffer Warren visited Maligne Lake-known by the Nakoda as Chaba Imne-in 1908, she did so by following a map given to her by Samson Beaver, a Nakoda guide and hunter. By the time David Thompson crossed the Athabasca Pass in 1810, led by a Haudenosaunee guide named Thomas, there were hundreds of Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe people living in the region. Starting in the 1790s, Haudenosaunee and Nipissing hunters and trappers moved in large numbers to the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, around the headwaters of the Athabasca and Smoky Rivers in particular, most of them employed by the North West Company. In the centuries between then and the establishment of the park, First Nations land use has fluctuated according to climatic variations over the long term, and according to cyclical patterns of ungulate population numbers, particularly elk, moose, mule deer, and occasionally caribou. Plainview projectile points have been found at the head of Jasper Lake, dating back to between 80 BCE. The territory encompassed by what is now Jasper National Park has been inhabited since time immemorial by Nakoda, Cree, Secwépemc, and Dane-zaa peoples. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. It was established as a national park in 1930 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. It is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains spanning 11,000 km 2 (4,200 sq mi). Jasper National Park is a national park in Alberta, Canada. ![]()
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